What Has Been Related About Ahl Adh-Dhimmah Fighting With The Muslims, Are They To Recieve A Share Of The Spoils Of War ?
باب مَا جَاءَ فِي أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ يَغْزُونَ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ هَلْ يُسْهَمُ لَهُمْ
Jami` at-Tirmidhi, Book of Military Expeditions(view book)
Narrated 'Aishah:
That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ advanced towards Badr till he reached Harrah Al-Wabr where he was met by a man from the idolaters, about whom it was said he was brave and courageous. The Prophet ﷺ said to him: "Do you believe in Allah and his Messenger?" He said: "No." He said: "Then return, because we do not seek aid from an idolater."
The Hadith has more dialogue than this. And this is a Hasan Gharib Hadith. This is acted upon according to some of the people of knowledge. They say that the people of Adh-Dhimmah do not recieve a share, even it they were to fight along with the Muslims against the enemy.
Some of the people of knowledge said that they are given a share when they attend the battle with the Muslims.
It has been related by Az-Zuhri, that the Prophet ﷺ gave a portion to some people among the Jews who fought along with him. This was narrated to us by Qutaibah (who said):
"Abdul-Warith bin Sa'eed narrated to us from 'Urwah bin Thabit, from Az-Zuhri."
This Hadith is Hasan Gharib.
حَدَّثَنَا الأَنْصَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعْنٌ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نِيَارٍ الأَسْلَمِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ إِلَى بَدْرٍ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِحَرَّةِ الْوَبَرِ لَحِقَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يَذْكُرُ مِنْهُ جُرْأَةً وَنَجْدَةً فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ " أَلَسْتَ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ " . قَالَ لاَ . قَالَ " ارْجِعْ فَلَنْ أَسْتَعِينَ بِمُشْرِكٍ " . وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ كَلاَمٌ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ هَذَا . هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ . وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ قَالُوا لاَ يُسْهَمُ لأَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ وَإِنْ قَاتَلُوا مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْعَدُوَّ . وَرَأَى بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنْ يُسْهَمَ لَهُمْ إِذَا شَهِدُوا الْقِتَالَ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ .وَيُرْوَى عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَسْهَمَ لِقَوْمٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ قَاتَلُوا مَعَهُ . حَدَّثَنَا بِذَلِكَ قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عَزْرَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِهَذَا . هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ .
Classification
Notes
Comments from Darussalām Publications:
If any disbeliever takes part in the war on his own, he will be given something from the spoils. Imam Ahmad, Al-Awza', Az-Zuhri, and Ishaq support this view. According to Imam Malik, Abu Hanifah and Ash-Shafi', a disbeliever will get no share from the spoils of war. (Tuhfat Al-Ahwadhi v. 2. p.381. and Al-Mughni v. 13 p.97-98.)
Narrated Abu Musa:
"I arrived upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at Khaibar along with a group of the Ash'ari tribe. He gave us shared along with those that conquered it."
This Hadith is Hasan Sahih Gharib. This is acted upon according to some of the people of knowledge. Al-Awza'i said: "Whoever meets up with the Muslims before the horses, share is distributed, then he is given a share." And Buraid's (a narrator) Kunyah is Abu Buraidah and he is trustworthy. Sufyan Ath-Thawri, Ibn 'Uyainah and others report from him.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بُرَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، قَالَ قَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنَ الأَشْعَرِيِّينَ خَيْبَرَ فَأَسْهَمَ لَنَا مَعَ الَّذِينَ افْتَتَحُوهَا . هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ . وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ قَالَ الأَوْزَاعِيُّ مَنْ لَحِقَ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْهَمَ لِلْخَيْلِ أُسْهِمَ لَهُ . وَبُرَيْدٌ يُكْنَى أَبَا بُرَيْدَةَ وَهُوَ ثِقَةٌ وَرَوَى عَنْهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ وَابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ وَغَيْرُهُمَا .