The Excellence of Observing Saum (Fasting) in the months of Muharram and Sha'ban and the Secred Months

'Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported:
The Prophet ﷺ did not observe voluntary Saum (fasting) so frequently during any other month as he did during Sha'ban. He observed Saum throughout the month of Sha'ban.

Another narration is: He ﷺ observed Saum during the whole month of Sha'ban except a few days.

[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].

وعن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت لم يكن النبي ﷺ يصوم من شهر أكثر من شعبان فإنه كان يصوم شعبان كله وفي رواية: كان يصوم شعبان إلا قليلا. ((متفق عليه))

Reported Mujibah Al-Bahiliyah on the authority of her father or uncle that he visited the Messenger of Allah ﷺ once and then went to see him again after a year. His appearance had totally changed. He asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ if he had recognized him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "Who are you?" He replied:
"I am Al- Bahili who visited you last year." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "You were quite handsome, what has changed your appearance so much?" He replied, "Since my departure from here, I have not eaten anything except at night." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ remarked, "You have put yourself to torture. Observe Saum (fasting) during the Month of Patience (i.e., Ramadan) and fast one day from each month." He submitted, "Permit me to observe more voluntary fasts because I have capacity to do so." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Then observe fasts for two days in every month." He said, "Permit me to observe more." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Observe fasts on three days in every month." He requested that he should be allowed to observe more fasts. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Fast three days during the sacred months and omit fasting for three days alternately." He ﷺ joined his three fingers together and left them apart while repeating this sentence thrice.

[Abu Dawud].

وعن مجيبة الباهلية عن أبيها أو عمها، أنه أتى رسول الله ﷺ ثم انطلق فأتاه بعد سنة وقد تغيرت حاله وهيئته، فقال: يا رسول الله أما تعرفني؟ قال: "ومن أنت؟" قال: أنا الباهلي الذي جئتك عام الأول. قال: "فما غيرك، وقد كنت حسن الهيئة؟" قال: ما أكلت طعامًا منذ فارقتك إلا بليل. فقال رسول الله ﷺ "عذبت نفسك!" ثم قال: "صم شهر الصبر، ويومًا من كل شهر" قال: زدني، فإن بي قوة، قال: " صم يومين" قال: زذني، قال: "صم ثلاثة أيام" قال: زدني. قال: "صم من الحرم واترك، صم من الحرم واترك، صم من الحرم واترك" وقال بأصابعه الثلاث فضمها، ثم أرسلها. ((رواه أبو داود. )).