Fasting on the day of Ashura'

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Quraish used to fast on the day of 'Ashura in the pre-Islamic days and the Messenger ot Allah ﷺ also observed it. When he migrated to Medina, he himself observed this fast and commanded (others) to observe it. But when fasting during the month of Ramadan was made obligatory he said: He who wishes to observe this fast may do so, and he who wishes to abandon it may do so.

حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، - رضى الله عنها - قَالَتْ كَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ تَصُومُ عَاشُورَاءَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ " مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ " .

This hadith is narrated on the authority of Hisham with the same chain of transmitters, but he made no mention in the first part of the hadith that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to observe fast, and said about the second part that he abandoned the (fast) of Ashura, and he who wished observed the fast and who wished otherwise abandoned it, and he did not hold it as the words of the Apostle of Allah ﷺ as mentioned in the narration transmitted by Jarir.

وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَأَبُو كُرَيْبٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِي أَوَّلِ الْحَدِيثِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ . وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِ الْحَدِيثِ وَتَرَكَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ . وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَرِوَايَةِ جَرِيرٍ .

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported. In the pre-Islamic days fast was observed on the day of Ashura, but with the advent of Islam (its position was ascertained as that of a voluntary fast). Then he who wished to fast fasted, and he who liked to abandon it abandoned it.

حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرٌو النَّاقِدُ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، - رضى الله عنها - أَنَّ يَوْمَ، عَاشُورَاءَ كَانَ يُصَامُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الإِسْلاَمُ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ .

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had ordered to observe fast (on 'Ashura) before the fasting in Ramadan was made obligatory. But when it became obligatory, then he who wished fasted on the day of Ashura, and he who wished did not observe it (on that day).

حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، - رضى الله عنها - قَالَتْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُ بِصِيَامِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ .

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Quraish used to observe fast on the day of Ashura during the pre-Islamic days. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then commanded to fast on that day till (fasting) in Ramadan became obligatory. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: He who wished to fast should do so and he who wished to break it may do so.

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رُمْحٍ، جَمِيعًا عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، - قَالَ ابْنُ رُمْحٍ أَخْبَرَنَا اللَّيْثُ، - عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، أَنَّ عِرَاكًا، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عُرْوَةَ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا كَانَتْ تَصُومُ عَاشُورَاءَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِصِيَامِهِ حَتَّى فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ " مَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُفْطِرْهُ " .

Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that (the Arabs of) pre-Islamic days used to observe fast on the day of Ashura and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ observed it and the Muslims too (observed it) before fasting in Ramadan became obligatory. But when it became obligatory, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Ashura is one of the days of Allah, so he who wished should observe fast and he who wished otherwise should abandon it.

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، - وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، رضى الله عنهما أَنَّ أَهْلَ، الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانُوا يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَامَهُ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْتَرَضَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا افْتُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ " إِنَّ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمٌ مِنْ أَيَّامِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ " .

A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Abdullah through the same chain of transmitters.

وَحَدَّثَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، وَزُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، وَهُوَ الْقَطَّانُ ح وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، كِلاَهُمَا عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، . بِمِثْلِهِ فِي هَذَا الإِسْنَادِ .

Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) said that the day of 'Ashura was mentioned before the Messenger of Allah (may peace he upon him). Thereupon the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ said: That was a day on which the people of pre-Islamic days used to observe fast. So he who amongst you likes to observe fast should do so, and he who does not like it should abandon it.

وَحَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثٌ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ رُمْحٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، رضى الله عنهما أَنَّهُ ذُكِرَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ " كَانَ يَوْمًا يَصُومُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَصُومَهُ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَرِهَ فَلْيَدَعْهُ " .

Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with both of them) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say about the day of Ashura: It is a day on which the people of pre-Islamic days observed fast. So he who liked to fast on this day should do so, and he who liked to abandon it should abandon it. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with him) did not observe fast except when it coincided (with the days when he was in the habit of observing voluntary fasts during every month).

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ، - يَعْنِي ابْنَ كَثِيرٍ - حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، - رضى الله عنهما - حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّهُ، سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ فِي يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ " إِنَّ هَذَا يَوْمٌ كَانَ يَصُومُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَصُومَهُ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَتْرُكَهُ فَلْيَتْرُكْهُ " . وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ - رضى الله عنه - لاَ يَصُومُهُ إِلاَّ أَنْ يُوَافِقَ صِيَامَهُ .

Abdullah b. Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that the day of 'Ashura was mentioned before the Apostle of Allah ﷺ and he narrated a hadith like one (narrated above).

وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي خَلَفٍ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَالِكٍ، عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الأَخْنَسِ أَخْبَرَنِي نَافِعٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، - رضى الله عنهما - قَالَ ذُكِرَ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ صَوْمُ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ . فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ سَوَاءً .

'Abdullah b. Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that the day of 'Ashura was mentioned before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he said: It is a day when the people in the pre-Islamic days need to observe fast, so he who wishes to observe fast should do so, and he who wishes to abandon it should do so.

وَحَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ النَّوْفَلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ، زَيْدٍ الْعَسْقَلاَنِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، - رضى الله عنهما - قَالَ ذُكِرَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ " ذَاكَ يَوْمٌ كَانَ يَصُومُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ " .

Abd al-Rahman b. Yazid said: When al-Ash'ath b. Qais entered the house of 'Abdullah he was having his breakfast. He ('Abdullah b. Umar) said: Abd Muhammad (al-Asha'th), come near to the breakfast. Thereupon he said: Is not today the day of 'Ashura? He ('Abd al-Rahman) said: Do you know what the day of 'Ashura is? He said: What is it? He said: It is a day on which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to observe fast before the (fasting) in the month of Ramadan (became) obligatory. But when it became obligatory the (fasting of 'Ashura) was abandoned (as compulsory). Abu Kuraib said: He (the Holy Prophet) abandoned it.

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَأَبُو كُرَيْبٍ جَمِيعًا عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، قَالَ دَخَلَ الأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ يَتَغَدَّى فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ ادْنُ إِلَى الْغَدَاءِ . فَقَالَ أَوَلَيْسَ الْيَوْمُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ قَالَ وَهَلْ تَدْرِي مَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ قَالَ وَمَا هُوَ قَالَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ يَوْمٌ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ تُرِكَ . وَقَالَ أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ تَرَكَهُ .

This hadith has been narrated from Jarir on the authority of A'mash with the same chain of transmitters and he said (these words with a little bit of variation from the previous hadith): When (fasting) in Ramadan was (made) obligatory, he abandoned it (the practice of observing fast on Ashura).

وَحَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ وَقَالاَ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ تَرَكَهُ .

Qais b Sakan reported that al-Ash'ath b. Qais went to 'Abdullah on the day of 'Ashura while he was eating. He said: Abu Muhammad, come near and dine. Upon this he said: I am fasting. Thereupon he said: We used to observe fast and then (this practice) was abandoned.

وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، ح وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ، - وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ - حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنِي زُبَيْدٌ الْيَامِيُّ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَكَنٍ، أَنَّ الأَشْعَثَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ، دَخَلَ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَهُوَ يَأْكُلُ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ ادْنُ فَكُلْ . قَالَ إِنِّي صَائِمٌ . قَالَ كُنَّا نَصُومُهُ ثُمَّ تُرِكَ .

'Alqama reported that Ash'ath b. Qais went to Ibn Mas'udd while he was eating on the day of Ashura. Thereupon he said: Abu Abd al-Rahman, it is the day of 'Ashura (and you are eating). Upon this he said: Fast was observed on (this day) before the (fasting) in Ramadan was made obligatory, but when it was made obligatory, (fasting on the day of 'Ashura) was abandoned. So if you are not fasting, then take food.

وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، قَالَ دَخَلَ الأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ عَلَى ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَهُوَ يَأْكُلُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنَّ الْيَوْمَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ . فَقَالَ قَدْ كَانَ يُصَامُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ تُرِكَ فَإِنْ كُنْتَ مُفْطِرًا فَاطْعَمْ .

Jabir b Samura reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded us to observe fast on the day of Ashura and exhorted us to do it and was particular about it But when (fasting) in Ramadan was made obligatory, he hence. forth neither commanded us nor forbade us, nor was he so particular about it.

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، أَخْبَرَنَا شَيْبَانُ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ، بْنِ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ، - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُنَا بِصِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ وَيَحُثُّنَا عَلَيْهِ وَيَتَعَاهَدُنَا عِنْدَهُ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ لَمْ يَأْمُرْنَا وَلَمْ يَنْهَنَا وَلَمْ يَتَعَاهَدْنَا عِنْدَهُ .

Abd al-Rahman reported that he heard Mu'awiya b. Abu Sufyan delivering a sermon in Medina. i. e. when he came there (for Hajj). He delivered a sermon on the day of 'Ashura and said: People of Medina, where are your scholars? I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say on this very day: It is the day of 'Ashura. Allah has not made fasting on This day obligatory for you but I am fasting. He who likes to observe fast among you should do so, and he who likes not to observe it may not observe it.

حَدَّثَنِي حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، خَطِيبًا بِالْمَدِينَةِ - يَعْنِي فِي قَدْمَةٍ قَدِمَهَا - خَطَبَهُمْ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ أَيْنَ عُلَمَاؤُكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لِهَذَا الْيَوْمِ " هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ وَلَمْ يَكْتُبِ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامَهُ وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَصُومَ فَلْيَصُمْ وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ " .

A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Shihab through the same chain of transmitters.

حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ، شِهَابٍ فِي هَذَا الإِسْنَادِ بِمِثْلِهِ .

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zuhri with the same chain of transmitters that be heard Allah's Apostle ﷺ as saying on a similar day: I am fasting today, so he who wishes to observe fast should do so;
but he did not make mention of the rest of the hadith.

وَحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ " إِنِّي صَائِمٌ فَمَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَصُومَ فَلْيَصُمْ " . وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ بَاقِيَ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ وَيُونُسَ .

Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with both of them) reported that when Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Medina, he found the Jews observing the fast on the day of Ashura. They (the Jews) were asked about it and they said: It is the day on which Allah granted victory to Moses and (his people) Bani Isra'il over the Pharaoh and we observe fast out of gratitude to Him. Upon this the Apostle of Allah ﷺ said: We have a closer connection with Moses than you have, and he commanded to observe fast on this day.

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ، عَبَّاسٍ - رضى الله عنهما - قَالَ قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ فَوَجَدَ الْيَهُودَ يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَسُئِلُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالُوا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي أَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ مُوسَى وَبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عَلَى فِرْعَوْنَ فَنَحْنُ نَصُومُهُ تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ . فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ " نَحْنُ أَوْلَى بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ " . فَأَمَرَ بِصَوْمِهِ .

This hadith has been narrated by Ibn Bishr with the same chain of trans- mitters (but with a slight variation) that he (the Holy Prophet) inquired of them (Jews) about it (fasting on the day of 'Ashura).

وَحَدَّثَنَاهُ ابْنُ بَشَّارٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ جَمِيعًا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ وَقَالَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، .

Ibn'Abbas (Allah be pleased with both of them) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Medina and found the Jews observing fast on the day of 'Ashura. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to them: What is the (significance) of this day that you observe fast on it? They said: It is the day of great (significance) when Allah delivered Moses and his people, and drowned the Pharaoh and his people, and Moses observed fast out of gratitude and we also observe it. Upon this the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We have more right, and we have a closer connection with Moses than you have;
so Messenger of Allah ﷺ observed fast (on the day of 'Ashura), and gave orders that it should be observed.

وَحَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، - رضى الله عنهما - أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَوَجَدَ الْيَهُودَ صِيَامًا يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ " مَا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي تَصُومُونَهُ " . فَقَالُوا هَذَا يَوْمٌ عَظِيمٌ أَنْجَى اللَّهُ فِيهِ مُوسَى وَقَوْمَهُ وَغَرَّقَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَقَوْمَهُ فَصَامَهُ مُوسَى شُكْرًا فَنَحْنُ نَصُومُهُ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ " فَنَحْنُ أَحَقُّ وَأَوْلَى بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ " . فَصَامَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ .

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ayyub with the same chain of transmitters.

وَحَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ إِلاَّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ عَنِ ابْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، لَمْ يُسَمِّهِ .

Abu Musa (Allah be pleased with him) reported: The day of 'Ashura was one which the Jews respected and they treated it as Id. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: You also observe fast on this day.

وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَابْنُ، نُمَيْرٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عُمَيْسٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا تُعَظِّمُهُ الْيَهُودُ وَتَتَّخِذُهُ عِيدًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ " صُومُوهُ أَنْتُمْ " .

Abu Musa reported that the people of Khaibar (most of them were Jews) observed fast on tht day of 'Ashura and they treated it as 'Id and gave their women ornaments and beautiful dresstowear. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: You (only) observe fast on this day.

وَحَدَّثَنَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ أُسَامَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعُمَيْسِ، أَخْبَرَنِي قَيْسٌ، فَذَكَرَ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ وَزَادَ قَالَ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ فَحَدَّثَنِي صَدَقَةُ بْنُ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ كَانَ أَهْلُ خَيْبَرَ يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ يَتَّخِذُونَهُ عِيدًا وَيُلْبِسُونَ نِسَاءَهُمْ فِيهِ حُلِيَّهُمْ وَشَارَتَهُمْ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ " فَصُومُوهُ أَنْتُمْ " .

Ibn Abbas was asked about observing of fast on the day of Ashura, whereupon he said: I do not know Messenger of Allah ﷺ singling out any day's fast and considering it more excellent than another, except this day (the day of Ashura) and this month, meaning the month of Ramadan.

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَعَمْرٌو النَّاقِدُ، جَمِيعًا عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، - قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، - عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، - رضى الله عنهما - وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صِيَامِ، يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ . فَقَالَ مَا عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَامَ يَوْمًا يَطْلُبُ فَضْلَهُ عَلَى الأَيَّامِ إِلاَّ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ وَلاَ شَهْرًا إِلاَّ هَذَا الشَّهْرَ يَعْنِي رَمَضَانَ .