Sunan Abu Dawood, Book of Commercial Transactions (Kitab Al-Buyu)

Narrated Qays ibn AbuGharazah:

In the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ we used to be called brokers, but the Prophet ﷺ came upon us one day, and called us by a better name than that, saying: O company of merchants, unprofitable speech and swearing takes place in business dealings, so mix it with sadaqah (alms).

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي غَرَزَةَ، قَالَ كُنَّا فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ نُسَمَّى السَّمَاسِرَةَ فَمَرَّ بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَمَّانَا بِاسْمٍ هُوَ أَحْسَنُ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ " يَا مَعْشَرَ التُّجَّارِ إِنَّ الْبَيْعَ يَحْضُرُهُ اللَّغْوُ وَالْحَلِفُ فَشُوبُوهُ بِالصَّدَقَةِ " .

The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Qais b. Abi Gharazah through a different chain of narrators to the same effect. This version has:
"Lying and swearing have a place on i." 'Abd Allah al-Zuhri said: "Unprofitable speech and lying."

حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْبُسْطَامِيُّ، وَحَامِدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ، قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ جَامِعِ بْنِ أَبِي رَاشِدٍ، وَعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ، وَعَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي غَرَزَةَ، بِمَعْنَاهُ قَالَ " يَحْضُرُهُ الْكَذِبُ وَالْحَلِفُ " . وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الزُّهْرِيُّ " اللَّغْوُ وَالْكَذِبُ " .

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas:

A man seized his debtor who owed ten dinars to him. He said to him: I swear by Allah, I shall not leave you until you pay off (my debt) to me or bring a surety. The Prophet ﷺ stood as a surety for him.

He then brought as much (money) as he promised. The Prophet ﷺ asked: From where did you acquire this gold? He replied: From a mine. He said: We have no need of it; there is no good in it. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ paid (the debt) on his behalf.

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ، - يَعْنِي ابْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ - عَنْ عَمْرٍو، - يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي عَمْرٍو - عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلاً، لَزِمَ غَرِيمًا لَهُ بِعَشْرَةِ دَنَانِيرَ فَقَالَ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أُفَارِقُكَ حَتَّى تَقْضِيَنِي أَوْ تَأْتِيَنِي بِحَمِيلٍ فَتَحَمَّلَ بِهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَأَتَاهُ بِقَدْرِ مَا وَعَدَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ " مِنْ أَيْنَ أَصَبْتَ هَذَا الذَّهَبَ " . قَالَ مِنْ مَعْدِنٍ . قَالَ " لاَ حَاجَةَ لَنَا فِيهَا وَلَيْسَ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ " . فَقَضَاهَا عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ .

Narrated Al-Nu'man b. Bashir:
I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: What is lawful is clear and what is unlawful is clear, but between them are certain doubtful things. I give you an example for this. Allah has a preserve, and Allah's preserve is the things He has declared unlawful. He who pastures (his animals) round the preserve will soon fall into it. He who falls into doubtful things will soon be courageous.

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو شِهَابٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ النُّعْمَانَ بْنَ بَشِيرٍ، - وَلاَ أَسْمَعُ أَحَدًا بَعْدَهُ يَقُولُ - سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ " إِنَّ الْحَلاَلَ بَيِّنٌ وَإِنَّ الْحَرَامَ بَيِّنٌ وَبَيْنَهُمَا أُمُورٌ مُشْتَبِهَاتٌ " . وَأَحْيَانًا يَقُولُ " مُشْتَبِهَةٌ " . " وَسَأَضْرِبُ لَكُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ مَثَلاً إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَمَى حِمًى وَإِنَّ حِمَى اللَّهِ مَا حَرَّمَ وَإِنَّهُ مَنْ يَرْعَ حَوْلَ الْحِمَى يُوشِكْ أَنْ يُخَالِطَهُ وَإِنَّهُ مَنْ يُخَالِطِ الرِّيبَةَ يُوشِكْ أَنْ يَجْسُرَ " .

Narrated Al-Nu'man b. Bashir:
I heard Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: But between them are certain doubtful things which many people do not recognize. He who guards against doubtful things keeps his religion and his honor blameless, but he who falls into doubtful things falls into what is unlawful.

حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى الرَّازِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ النُّعْمَانَ بْنَ بَشِيرٍ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ " وَبَيْنَهُمَا مُشَبَّهَاتٌ لا يَعْلَمُهَا كَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَمَنِ اتَّقَى الشُّبُهَاتِ اسْتَبْرَأَ عِرْضَهُ وَدِينَهُ وَمَنْ وَقَعَ فِي الشُّبُهَاتِ وَقَعَ فِي الْحَرَامِ " .

Narrated AbuHurayrah:

The Prophet ﷺ said: A time is certainly coming to mankind when only the receiver of usury will remain, and if he does not receive it, some of its vapour will reach him. Ibn Isa said: Some of its dust will reach him.

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ أَبِي خَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ، مُنْذُ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ح وَحَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ بَقِيَّةَ أَخْبَرَنَا خَالِدٌ عَنْ دَاوُدَ - يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي هِنْدٍ - وَهَذَا لَفْظُهُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي خَيْرَةَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ " لَيَأْتِيَنَّ عَلَى النَّاسِ زَمَانٌ لاَ يَبْقَى أَحَدٌ إِلاَّ أَكَلَ الرِّبَا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَأْكُلْهُ أَصَابَهُ مِنْ بُخَارِهِ " . قَالَ ابْنُ عِيسَى " أَصَابَهُ مِنْ غُبَارِهِ " .

Asim ibn Kulayb quoted his father's authority for the following statement by one of the Ansar:

We went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to a funeral, and I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at the grave giving this instruction to the grave-digger:

Make it wide on the side of his feet, and make it wide on the side of his head. When he came back, he was received by a man who conveyed an invitation from a woman. So he came (to her), to it food was brought, and he put his hand (i.e. took a morsel in his hand); the people did the same and they ate. Our fathers noticed that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was moving a morsel around his mouth.

He then said: I find the flesh of a sheep which has been taken without its owner's permission.

The woman sent a message to say: Messenger of Allah, I sent (someone) to an-Naqi' to have a sheep bought for me, but there was none; so I sent (a message) to my neighbour who had bought a sheep, asking him to send it to me for the price (he had paid), but he could not be found. I, therefore, sent (a message) to his wife and she sent it to me.

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Give this food to the prisoners.

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاَءِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَاصِمُ بْنُ كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ قَالَ خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي جَنَازَةٍ فَرَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْقَبْرِ يُوصِي الْحَافِرَ " أَوْسِعْ مِنْ قِبَلِ رِجْلَيْهِ أَوْسِعْ مِنْ قِبَلِ رَأْسِهِ " . فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ اسْتَقْبَلَهُ دَاعِيَ امْرَأَةٍ فَجَاءَ وَجِيءَ بِالطَّعَامِ فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ ثُمَّ وَضَعَ الْقَوْمُ فَأَكَلُوا فَنَظَرَ آبَاؤُنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَلُوكُ لُقْمَةً فِي فَمِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ " أَجِدُ لَحْمَ شَاةٍ أُخِذَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ أَهْلِهَا " . فَأَرْسَلَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ يَشْتَرِي لِي شَاةً فَلَمْ أَجِدْ فَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى جَارٍ لِي قَدِ اشْتَرَى شَاةً أَنْ أَرْسِلْ إِلَىَّ بِهَا بِثَمَنِهَا فَلَمْ يُوجَدْ فَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى امْرَأَتِهِ فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَىَّ بِهَا . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ " أَطْعِمِيهِ الأَسَارَى " .

Narrated Abdullah ibn Mas'ud:

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ cursed the one who accepted usury, the one who paid it, the witness to it, and the one who recorded it.

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سِمَاكٌ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ آكِلَ الرِّبَا وَمُوكِلَهُ وَشَاهِدَهُ وَكَاتِبَهُ .

Narrated Sulaiman b. 'Amr:

On the authority of his father: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say in the Farewell Pilgrimage: "Lo, all claims to usury of the pre-Islamic period have been abolished. You shall have your capital sums, deal not unjustly and you shall not be dealt with unjustly.

Lo, all claims for blood-vengeance belonging to the pre-Islamic period have been abolished. The first of those murdered among us whose blood-vengeance I remit is al-Harith ibn AbdulMuttalib, who suckled among Banu Layth and killed by Hudhayl."

He then said: O Allah, have I conveyed the message? They said: Yes, saying it three times. He then said: O Allah, be witness, saying it three times.

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الأَحْوَصِ، حَدَّثَنَا شَبِيبُ بْنُ غَرْقَدَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ يَقُولُ " أَلاَ إِنَّ كُلَّ رِبًا مِنْ رِبَا الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مَوْضُوعٌ لَكُمْ رُءُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لاَ تَظْلِمُونَ وَلاَ تُظْلَمُونَ . أَلاَ وَإِنَّ كُلَّ دَمٍ مِنْ دَمِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مَوْضُوعٌ وَأَوَّلُ دَمٍ أَضَعُ مِنْهَا دَمُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ " . كَانَ مُسْتَرْضَعًا فِي بَنِي لَيْثٍ فَقَتَلَتْهُ هُذَيْلٌ . قَالَ " اللَّهُمَّ هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ " . قَالُوا نَعَمْ . ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ . قَالَ " اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ " . ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ .

Narrated Abu Hurairah:
I heard Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: Swearing produces a ready sale for a commodity but blots out the blessing. The narrator Ibn al-Sarh said: "for earning". He also narrated this tradition from Sa'id b. al-Musayyab on the authority of Abu Hurairah from the Prophet ﷺ.

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ السَّرْحِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَنْبَسَةُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ إِنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ " الْحَلِفُ مَنْفَقَةٌ لِلسِّلْعَةِ مَمْحَقَةٌ لِلْبَرَكَةِ " . قَالَ ابْنُ السَّرْحِ " لِلْكَسْبِ " . وَقَالَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ .

Narrated Suwayd ibn Qays:

I and Makhrafah al-Abdi imported some garments from Hajar, and brought them to Mecca. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to us walking, and after he had bargained with us for some trousers, we sold them to him. There was a man who was weighing for payment. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: Weigh out and give overweight.

حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سُوَيْدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، قَالَ جَلَبْتُ أَنَا وَمَخْرَمَةُ الْعَبْدِيُّ، بَزًّا مِنْ هَجَرَ فَأَتَيْنَا بِهِ مَكَّةَ فَجَاءَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَمْشِي فَسَاوَمَنَا بِسَرَاوِيلَ فَبِعْنَاهُ وَثَمَّ رَجُلٌ يَزِنُ بِالأَجْرِ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ " زِنْ وَأَرْجِحْ " .

The tradition mentioned above (No. 3330) has also been transmitted by AbuSafwan ibn Umayrah through a different chain of narrators.

This version has:

Abu Safwan said: I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at Mecca before his immigration. He then narrated the rest of the tradition, but he did not mention the words "who was weighing for payment".

Abu Dawud sad: Qais also transmitted it as Sufyan said: The version of Sufyan is authoritative.

حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَمُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، - الْمَعْنَى قَرِيبٌ - قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عُمَيْرَةَ، قَالَ أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُهَاجِرَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ يَزِنُ بِالأَجْرِ . قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ رَوَاهُ قَيْسٌ كَمَا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ وَالْقَوْلُ قَوْلُ سُفْيَانَ .

Narrated Ibn Abi Rizmah:
I heard my father say: A man said to Shu'bah: Sufyan opposed you (i.e. narrated a tradition which differs from your version). He replied: You racked my mind. I have been told that Yahya b. Ma'in said: If anyone opposes Sufyan, the version of Sufyan will be acceptable.

حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي رِزْمَةَ، سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ، قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِشُعْبَةَ خَالَفَكَ سُفْيَانُ . قَالَ دَمَغْتَنِي . وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ قَالَ كُلُّ مَنْ خَالَفَ سُفْيَانَ فَالْقَوْلُ قَوْلُ سُفْيَانَ .

Shu'bah said:
The memory of Sufyan was stronger than mine.

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، قَالَ كَانَ سُفْيَانُ أَحْفَظَ مِنِّي .

Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar:

The Prophet ﷺ said: (The standard) weight is the weight of the people of Mecca, and the (standard) measure is the measure of the people of Medina.

Abu Dawud said: Al-Firyabi and Abu Ahmad have also transmitted from Sufyan in a similar way, and he (Ibn Dukain) agreed with them on the text. The version of Abu Ahmad has: "from Ibn 'Abbas" instead of Ibn 'Umar. It has also been transmitted by al-Walid b. Muslim from Hanzalah. This version has: "the weight of Medina and the measure of Mecca."

Abu Dawud said: There is a variation in the text of the version of this tradition narrated by Malik b. Dinar from 'Ata' from the Prophet ﷺ.

حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ دُكَيْنٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ " الْوَزْنُ وَزْنُ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ وَالْمِكْيَالُ مِكْيَالُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ " . قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ وَأَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ وَافَقَهُمَا فِي الْمَتْنِ وَقَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَكَانَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَرَوَاهُ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ قَالَ " وَزْنُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَمِكْيَالُ مَكَّةَ " . قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَاخْتُلِفَ فِي الْمَتْنِ فِي حَدِيثِ مَالِكِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي هَذَا .

Narrated Samurah:

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed us and said: Is here any one of such and such tribe present? But no one replied.

He again asked: Is here any one of such and such tribe present? But no one replied.

He again asked: Is here any one of such and such tribe?

Then a man stood and said: I am (here), Messenger of Allah.

He said: What prevented you from replying the first two times? I wish to tell you something good.

Your companion has been detained (from entering Paradise) on account of his debt. Then I saw him that he paid off all his debt on his behalf and there remained no one to demand from him anything.

Abu Dawud said: The name of the narrator Sam'an is Sam'an b. Mushannaj.

حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ سَمْعَانَ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ، قَالَ خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ " هَا هُنَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي فُلاَنٍ " . فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ أَحَدٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ " هَا هُنَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي فُلاَنٍ " . فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ أَحَدٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ " هَا هُنَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي فُلاَنٍ " . فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ . فَقَالَ ﷺ " مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تُجِيبَنِي فِي الْمَرَّتَيْنِ الأُولَيَيْنِ أَمَا إِنِّي لَمْ أُنَوِّهْ بِكُمْ إِلاَّ خَيْرًا إِنَّ صَاحِبَكُمْ مَأْسُورٌ بِدَيْنِهِ " . فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ أَدَّى عَنْهُ حَتَّى مَا بَقِيَ أَحَدٌ يَطْلُبُهُ بِشَىْءٍ . قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ سَمْعَانُ بْنُ مُشَنَّجٍ .

Narrated AbuMusa al-Ash'ari:

The Prophet ﷺ said: After the grave sins which Allah has prohibited the greatest sin is that a man dies while he has debt due from him and does not leave anything to pay it off, and meets Him with it.

حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْمَهْرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقُرَشِيَّ، يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بُرْدَةَ بْنَ أَبِي مُوسَى الأَشْعَرِيَّ، يَقُولُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ " إِنَّ أَعْظَمَ الذُّنُوبِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَلْقَاهُ بِهَا عَبْدٌ - بَعْدَ الْكَبَائِرِ الَّتِي نَهَى اللَّهُ عَنْهَا - أَنْ يَمُوتَ رَجُلٌ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ لاَ يَدَعُ لَهُ قَضَاءً " .

Narrated Jabir ibn Abdullah:

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would not say funeral prayer over a person who died while the debt was due from him. A dead Muslim was brought to him and he asked: Is there any debt due from him? They (the people) said: Yes, two dirhams. He said: Pray yourselves over your companion.

Then AbuQatadah al-Ansari said: I shall pay them, Messenger of Allah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then prayed over him.

When Allah granted conquests to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he said: I am nearer to every believer than himself, so if anyone (dies and) leaves a debt, I shall be responsible for paying it; and if anyone leaves property, it goes to his heirs.

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ الْعَسْقَلاَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ يُصَلِّي عَلَى رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَأُتِيَ بِمَيِّتٍ فَقَالَ " أَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ " . قَالُوا نَعَمْ دِينَارَانِ . قَالَ " صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ " . فَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ هُمَا عَلَىَّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ . قَالَ فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ " أَنَا أَوْلَى بِكُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ فَمَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا فَعَلَىَّ قَضَاؤُهُ وَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَالاً فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ " .

A similar tradition has also been transmitted by Ibn 'Abbas though a different chain of narrators. This version says:
"He (the Prophet) purchased a calf from a caravan, but he had no money with him. He then sold it with some profit and gave the profit in charity to the poor and widows of Banu 'Abd al-Muttalib. He then said: I shall not buy anything after this but only when I have money with me.

حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَقُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، رَفَعَهُ - قَالَ عُثْمَانُ وَحَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، - عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ قَالَ اشْتَرَى مِنْ عِيرٍ تَبِيعًا وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ ثَمَنُهُ فَأُرْبِحَ فِيهِ فَبَاعَهُ فَتَصَدَّقَ بِالرِّبْحِ عَلَى أَرَامِلِ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَقَالَ لاَ أَشْتَرِي بَعْدَهَا شَيْئًا إِلاَّ وَعِنْدِي ثَمَنُهُ .

Narrated Abu Hurairah:
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: Delay in payment (of debt) by a rich man is injunctive, but when one of you is referred to a wealthy man, he should accept the reference.

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ " مَطْلُ الْغَنِيِّ ظُلْمٌ وَإِذَا أُتْبِعَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى مَلِيءٍ فَلْيَتْبَعْ " .

Narrated Abu Rafi':
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ borrowed a young camel, and when the camels of the sadaqah (alms) came to him, he ordered me to pay the man his young camel. I said: I find only an excellent camel in its seventh year. So the Prophet ﷺ said: Give it to him, for the best person is he who discharges his debt in the best manner.

حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، قَالَ اسْتَسْلَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَكْرًا فَجَاءَتْهُ إِبِلٌ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقْضِيَ الرَّجُلَ بَكْرَهُ فَقُلْتُ لَمْ أَجِدْ فِي الإِبِلِ إِلاَّ جَمَلاً خِيَارًا رَبَاعِيًّا . فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ " أَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ فَإِنَّ خِيَارَ النَّاسِ أَحْسَنُهُمْ قَضَاءً " .

Narrated Jabir ibn Abdullah:

The Prophet ﷺ owed me a debt and gave me something extra when he paid it.

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، عَنْ مُحَارِبِ بْنِ دِثَارٍ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ كَانَ لِي عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ دَيْنٌ فَقَضَانِي وَزَادَنِي .

Narrated 'Umar:
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: Gold for gold is interest unless both hand over on the spot ; wheat for wheat is interest unless both hand over on the spot ; dates for dates is interest unless both hand over on the spot ; barley for barley is interest unless both hand over on the spot.

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَعَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ " الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ رِبًا إِلاَّ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ رِبًا إِلاَّ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ رِبًا إِلاَّ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ رِبًا إِلاَّ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ " .

Narrated Ubadah ibn as-Samit:

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Gold is to be paid for with gold, raw and coined, silver with silver, raw and coined (in equal weight), wheat with wheat in equal measure, barley with barley in equal measure, dates with dates in equal measure, salt by salt with equal measure; if anyone gives more or asks more, he has dealt in usury. But there is no harm in selling gold for silver and silver (for gold), in unequal weight, payment being made on the spot. Do not sell them if they are to be paid for later. There is no harm in selling wheat for barley and barley (for wheat) in unequal measure, payment being made on the spot. If the payment is to be made later, then do not sell them.

Abu Dawud said: This tradition has also been transmitted by Sa'id b. Abi 'Arubah, Hisham al-Dastawa'i and Qatadah from Muslim b. Yasar through his chain.

حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ الْمَكِّيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الأَشْعَثِ الصَّنْعَانِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ " الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ تِبْرُهَا وَعَيْنُهَا وَالْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ تِبْرُهَا وَعَيْنُهَا وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ مُدْىٌ بِمُدْىٍ وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ مُدْىٌ بِمُدْىٍ وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ مُدْىٌ بِمُدْىٍ وَالْمِلْحُ بِالْمِلْحِ مُدْىٌ بِمُدْىٍ فَمَنْ زَادَ أَوِ ازْدَادَ فَقَدْ أَرْبَى وَلاَ بَأْسَ بِبَيْعِ الذَّهَبِ بِالْفِضَّةِ - وَالْفِضَّةُ أَكْثَرُهُمَا - يَدًا بِيَدٍ وَأَمَّا نَسِيئَةً فَلاَ وَلاَ بَأْسَ بِبَيْعِ الْبُرِّ بِالشَّعِيرِ وَالشَّعِيرُ أَكْثَرُهُمَا يَدًا بِيَدٍ وَأَمَّا نَسِيئَةً فَلاَ " . قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ وَهِشَامٌ الدَّسْتَوَائِيُّ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ .

The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by 'Ubadah b. al-Samit through a different chain of transmitters with some alternation. This version adds:
"He said: If these classes differ, sell as you wish if payment is made on the spot."

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلاَبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الأَشْعَثِ الصَّنْعَانِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِهَذَا الْخَبَرِ يَزِيدُ وَيَنْقُصُ وَزَادَ قَالَ فَإِذَا اخْتَلَفَتْ هَذِهِ الأَصْنَافُ فَبِيعُوا كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ إِذَا كَانَ يَدًا بِيَدٍ .

Narrated Fudalah ibn Ubayd:

The Prophet ﷺ was brought a necklace in which there were gold and pearls.

(The narrators AbuBakr and (Ahmad) Ibn Mani' said: The pearls were set with gold in it, and a man bought it for nine or seven dinars.)

The Prophet ﷺ said: (It must not be sold) till the contents are considered separately. The narrator said: He returned it till the contents were considered separately. The narrator Ibn Asa said: By this I intended trade.

Abu Dawud said: The word hijarah (stone) was recorded in his note-book before, but he changed it and narrated tijarah (trade).

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْعَلاَءِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، حَدَّثَنِي خَالِدُ بْنُ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ، عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، قَالَ أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَامَ خَيْبَرَ بِقِلاَدَةٍ فِيهَا ذَهَبٌ وَخَرَزٌ - قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَابْنُ مَنِيعٍ فِيهَا خَرَزٌ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بِذَهَبٍ - ابْتَاعَهَا رَجُلٌ بِتِسْعَةِ دَنَانِيرَ أَوْ بِسَبْعَةِ دَنَانِيرَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ " لاَ حَتَّى تُمَيِّزَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ " . فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا أَرَدْتُ الْحِجَارَةَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ " لاَ حَتَّى تُمَيِّزَ بَيْنَهُمَا " . قَالَ فَرَدَّهُ حَتَّى مُيِّزَ بَيْنَهُمَا . وَقَالَ ابْنُ عِيسَى أَرَدْتُ التِّجَارَةَ . قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَكَانَ فِي كِتَابِهِ الْحِجَارَةُ فَغَيَّرَهُ فَقَالَ التِّجَارَةَ .

Narrated Fudalah bin 'Ubaid:
At the battle of Khaibar I bought a necklace in which there were gold and pearls for twelve dinars. I separated them and found that its worth was more than twelve dinars. So I mentioned that to the Prophet ﷺ who said: It must not be sold till the contents are considered separately.

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ أَبِي شُجَاعٍ، سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ الصَّنْعَانِيِّ، عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، قَالَ اشْتَرَيْتُ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ قِلاَدَةً بِاثْنَىْ عَشَرَ دِينَارًا فِيهَا ذَهَبٌ وَخَرَزٌ فَفَصَّلْتُهَا فَوَجَدْتُ فِيهَا أَكْثَرَ مِنَ اثْنَىْ عَشَرَ دِينَارًا فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ " لاَ تُبَاعُ حَتَّى تُفَصَّلَ " .

Narrated Fudalah bin 'Ubaid:
We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at the battle of Khaibar. We were selling to the Jews one uqiyah of gold for one dinar. The narrators other than Qutaibah said: "for two or three dinars." Then both the versions agreed. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Do not sell gold except with equal weight.

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، عَنِ الْجُلاَحِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي حَنَشٌ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ، عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، قَالَ كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ نُبَايِعُ الْيَهُودَ الأُوقِيَّةَ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ بِالدِّينَارِ . قَالَ غَيْرُ قُتَيْبَةَ بِالدِّينَارَيْنِ وَالثَّلاَثَةِ . ثُمَّ اتَّفَقَا فَقَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ " لاَ تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلاَّ وَزْنًا بِوَزْنٍ " .

Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar:

I used to sell camels at al-Baqi for dinars and take dirhams for them, and sell for dirhams and take dinars for them. I would take these for these and give these for these. I went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who was in the house of Hafsah. I said: Messenger of Allah , take it easy, I shall ask you (a question): I sell camels at al-Baqi'. I sell (them) for dinars and take dirhams and I sell for dirhams and take dinars. I take these for these, and give these for these. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said: There is no harm in taking them at the current rate so long as you do not separate leaving something to be settled.

حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ، - الْمَعْنَى وَاحِدٌ - قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ كُنْتُ أَبِيعُ الإِبِلَ بِالْبَقِيعِ فَأَبِيعُ بِالدَّنَانِيرِ وَآخُذُ الدَّرَاهِمَ وَأَبِيعُ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ وَآخُذُ الدَّنَانِيرَ آخُذُ هَذِهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ وَأُعْطِي هَذِهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ فِي بَيْتِ حَفْصَةَ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ رُوَيْدَكَ أَسْأَلُكَ إِنِّي أَبِيعُ الإِبِلَ بِالْبَقِيعِ فَأَبِيعُ بِالدَّنَانِيرِ وَآخُذُ الدَّرَاهِمَ وَأَبِيعُ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ وَآخُذُ الدَّنَانِيرَ آخُذُ هَذِهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ وَأُعْطِي هَذِهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ " لاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَهَا بِسَعْرِ يَوْمِهَا مَا لَمْ تَفْتَرِقَا وَبَيْنَكُمَا شَىْءٌ " .

The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Simak (b. Harb) with a different chain of narrators and to the same effect. The first version is more perfect. It does not mention the words "at the current rate".

حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ الأَسْوَدِ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ وَالأَوَّلُ أَتَمُّ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ " بِسِعْرِ يَوْمِهَا " .