Mentioning The Different Wordings With Regard To Sharecropping

Ibn 'Awn said:
"Muhammad used to say: 'In my view land is like the wealth put into a Mudarabah (limited partnership) contract. Whatever is valid with regard to the wealth put into a Mudarabah partnership, is valid with regard to land, and whatever is not valid with regard to the wealth put into a Mudarabah partnership, then it is not valid with regard to land.'" He said: "He did not see anything wrong with giving all of his land to the plowman on the basis that he would work with it himself, or with his children, and helpers, and oxen, and, that he would not spend anything on it; all expenses were to be paid by the owner of the land."

أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ زُرَارَةَ، قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ، قَالَ كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ يَقُولُ الأَرْضُ عِنْدِي مِثْلُ مَالِ الْمُضَارَبَةِ فَمَا صَلُحَ فِي مَالِ الْمُضَارَبَةِ صَلُحَ فِي الأَرْضِ وَمَا لَمْ يَصْلُحْ فِي مَالِ الْمُضَارَبَةِ لَمْ يَصْلُحْ فِي الأَرْضِ. قَالَ وَكَانَ لاَ يَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يَدْفَعَ أَرْضَهُ إِلَى الأَكَّارِ عَلَى أَنْ يَعْمَلَ فِيهَا بِنَفْسِهِ وَوَلَدِهِ وَأَعْوَانِهِ وَبَقَرِهِ وَلاَ يُنْفِقَ شَيْئًا وَتَكُونَ النَّفَقَةُ كُلُّهَا مِنْ رَبِّ الأَرْضِ.

It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet gave the datepalms of Khaibar and their land to the Jews of Khaibar, on condition that they would take care of them at their expense, and the Messenger of Allah would have half of whatever they produced.

أَخْبَرَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، رضى الله عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَفَعَ إِلَى يَهُودِ خَيْبَرَ نَخْلَ خَيْبَرَ وَأَرْضَهَا عَلَى أَنْ يَعْمَلُوهَا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنَّ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَطْرَ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا.

It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet gave the datepalms of Khaibar and their land to the Jews of Khaibar on condition that they would take care of them at their expense, and the Messenger of Allah would have half of their fruits.

أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ اللَّيْثِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَفَعَ إِلَى يَهُودِ خَيْبَرَ نَخْلَ خَيْبَرَ وَأَرْضَهَا عَلَى أَنْ يَعْمَلُوهَا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنَّ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَطْرَ ثَمَرَتِهَا.

It was narrated from Nafi' that 'Abdullah bin 'Umar used to say:
"Arable land used to be leased out at the time of the Messenger of Allah on condition that the owner of the land would have whatever grew on the banks of the streams and a share of straw, I do not know how much it was."

أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ اللَّيْثِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَقُولُ كَانَتِ الْمَزَارِعُ تُكْرَى عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَنَّ لِرَبِّ الأَرْضِ مَا عَلَى رَبِيعِ السَّاقِي مِنَ الزَّرْعِ وَطَائِفَةً مِنَ التِّبْنِ لاَ أَدْرِي كَمْ هُوَ.

It was narrated that 'Abdur-Rahman bin Al-Aswad said:
"Two of my paternal uncles used to cultivate (land) in return for one-third or one-quarter of the crop, and my father was their partner. 'Alqamah and Al-Aswad knew about that and did not change anything."

أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الأَسْوَدِ، قَالَ كَانَ عَمَّاىَ يَزْرَعَانِ بِالثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ وَأَبِي شَرِيكَهُمَا وَعَلْقَمَةُ وَالأَسْوَدُ يَعْلَمَانِ فَلاَ يُغَيِّرَانِ.

Sa'eed bin Jubair said:
"Ibn 'Abbas said: 'The best thing you can do is for one of you to rent his land out in return for gold and silver.'"

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعْتَمِرُ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ مَعْمَرًا، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ الْجَزَرِيِّ، قَالَ قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إِنَّ خَيْرَ مَا أَنْتُمْ صَانِعُونَ أَنْ يُؤَاجِرَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَرْضَهُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ.

It was narrated from Ibrahim and Sa'eed bin Jubair that they did not see anything wrong with renting uncultivated land.

أَخْبَرَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا لاَ يَرَيَانِ بَأْسًا بِاسْتِئْجَارِ الأَرْضِ الْبَيْضَاءِ.

It was narrated that Muhammad said:
"I do not know that Shuraih ever ruled on Mudarabah disputes except in two ways. He would say to the Mudarib (the one who contributed his labor to the partnership): 'You must provide proof that a calamity befell you so that you may be excused.' Or he would say to the one who invested his money in the partnership: 'You must provide proof that your trustee betrayed his trust, otherwise his oath sworn by Allah that he did not betray you is sufficient.'"

أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ زُرَارَةَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَ لَمْ أَعْلَمْ شُرَيْحًا كَانَ يَقْضِي فِي الْمُضَارِبِ إِلاَّ بِقَضَاءَيْنِ كَانَ رُبَّمَا قَالَ لِلْمُضَارِبِ بَيِّنَتَكَ عَلَى مُصِيبَةٍ تُعْذَرُ بِهَا. وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ لِصَاحِبِ الْمَالِ بَيِّنَتَكَ أَنَّ أَمِينَكَ خَائِنٌ وَإِلاَّ فَيَمِينُهُ بِاللَّهِ مَا خَانَكَ.