Al-Adab Al-Mufrad, Book of Disparaging

Ibn 'Abbas said, "Two men defamed one another in the time of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. One of them reviled the other who remained silent. The Prophet ﷺ remained seated. Then the other man answered him back and the Prophet ﷺ got up. He was asked, "You got up?" He said, "The angels left, so I left with them. While this man was silent, the angels were answering the one who cursed him. When he answered, the angels left."

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: اسْتَبَّ رَجُلاَنِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، فَسَبَّ أَحَدُهُمَا وَالْآخَرُ سَاكِتٌ، وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ جَالِسٌ، ثُمَّ رَدَّ الْآخَرُ. فَنَهَضَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَقِيلَ: نَهَضْتَ؟ قَالَ: نَهَضَتِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ فَنَهَضْتُ مَعَهُمْ، إِنَّ هَذَا مَا كَانَ سَاكِتًا رَدَّتِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي سَبَّهُ، فَلَمَّا رَدَّ نَهَضَتِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ.

Umm ad-Darda' reported that a man came up to her and said, "A man has said bad things about you in the presence of 'Abdu'l-Malik.' She said, "We are suspected of something which we did not do. How often we have been praised for what we did not do!"

حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رُدَيْحُ بْنُ عَطِيَّةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْلَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ الدَّرْدَاءِ أَنَّ رَجُلاً أَتَاهَا فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَجُلاً نَالَ مِنْكِ عِنْدَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنْ نُؤْبَنَ بِمَا لَيْسَ فِينَا، فَطَالَمَا زُكِّينَا بِمَا لَيْسَ فِينَا.

'Abdullah said, "When a man says to his companion, 'You are my enemy,' then one of them has left Islam or he is innocent of what his companion said.'"

حَدَّثَنَا شِهَابُ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ الرُّؤَاسِيُّ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ: إِذَا قَالَ الرَّجُلُ لِصَاحِبِهِ: أَنْتَ عَدُوِّي، فَقَدْ خَرَجَ أَحَدُهُمَا مِنَ الإِسْلاَمِ، أَوْ بَرِئ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ.

Ibn 'Abbas said, "There are 360 joints and each of them owes sadaqa every single day. Every good word is sadaqa. A man's helping his brother is sadaqa. A drink of water which he gives is sadaqa. Removing something harmful from the road is sadaqa."

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثٌ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَظُنُّهُ رَفَعَهُ، شَكَّ لَيْثٌ، قَالَ: فِي ابْنِ آدَمَ سِتُّونَ وَثَلاَثُمِئَةِ سُلاَمَى، أَوْ عَظْمٍ، أَوْ مَفْصِلٍ، عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ صَدَقَةٌ، كُلُّ كَلِمَةٍ طَيْبَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وَعَوْنُ الرَّجُلِ أَخَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ، وَالشَّرْبَةُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ يَسْقِيهَا صَدَقَةٌ، وَإِمَاطَةُ الأَذَى عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ صَدَقَةٌ.

Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet ﷺ said, "When two people revile each other, the responsibility for what they say rests on the first to speak as long as the one who wronged does not become excessive."

حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْعَلاَءُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: الْمُسْتَبَّانِ مَا قَالاَ فَعَلَى الْبَادِئِ، مَا لَمْ يَعْتَدِ الْمَظْلُومُ.

As 423, but from Anas.

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِيسَى، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ سِنَانِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: الْمُسْتَبَّانِ مَا قَالاَ، فَعَلَى الْبَادِئِ، حَتَّى يَعْتَدِيَ الْمَظْلُومُ.

The Prophet ﷺ said, "Do you know what calumny is?" They said, "No, Allah and His Messenger know best." He said, "Telling people what other people have said in order to create dissension between them."

وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: أَتَدْرُونَ مَا الْعَضْهُ؟ قَالُوا: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ، قَالَ: نَقْلُ الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ بَعْضِ النَّاسِ إِلَى بَعْضٍ، لِيُفْسِدُوا بَيْنَهُمْ.

The Prophet ﷺ said, "Allah Almighty revealed to me that you should be humble and that you should not wrong one another."

وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَوْحَى إِلَيَّ أَنْ تَوَاضَعُوا، وَلاَ يَبْغِ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ.

'Iyad ibn Himar said, "I said, 'Messenger of Allah, there is someone who reviles me.' The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Those who revile one another are two shaytans who accuse one another and deny one another.'"

حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عِمْرَانُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ، عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ حِمَارٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، الرَّجُلُ يَسُبُّنِي؟ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: الْمُسْتَبَّانِ شَيْطَانَانِ يَتَهَاتَرَانِ وَيَتَكَاذَبَانِ.

'Iyad ibn Himar reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah has revealed to me that you should be humble so that none of you will oppress anyone else and none of you will disdain another.' I said, 'Messenger of Allah, what do you think I should do when a man reviles me in a low assembly and then I answer him back? Do I incur any wrong action in doing that?' He replied, 'Two men who revile one another are two shaytans who accuse one another and deny one another.'" 'Iyad said, "I was at war with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and I gave him a she-camel before I became Muslim. He said, "I dislike the froth of the idolaters."

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ حَجَّاجٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ حِمَارٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَوْحَى إِلَيَّ أَنْ تَوَاضَعُوا حَتَّى لاَ يَبْغِيَ أَحَدٌ عَلَى أَحَدٍ، وَلاَ يَفْخَرَ أَحَدٌ عَلَى أَحَدٍ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً سَبَّنِي فِي مَلَأٍ هُمْ أَنْقُصُ مِنِّي، فَرَدَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ، هَلْ عَلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ جُنَاحٌ؟ قَالَ: الْمُسْتَبَّانِ شَيْطَانَانِ يَتَهَاتَرَانِ وَيَتَكَاذَبَانِ.


قَالَ عِيَاضٌ: وَكُنْتُ حَرْبًا لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَهْدَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ نَاقَةً، قَبْلَ أَنْ أُسْلِمَ، فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْهَا وَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَكْرَهُ زَبْدَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ.

Sa'id ibn Malik reported that the Prophet ﷺ said, "Reviling a Muslim is deviant behaviour."

حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: سِبَابُ الْمُسْلِمِ فُسُوقٌ.

Anas said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was neither coarse nor a curser nor a reviler, He used to say when he wanted to censure someone, 'What is wrong with him? May his brow be dusty!'"

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا فُلَيْحُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هِلاَلُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: لَمْ يَكُنْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَاحِشًا، وَلاَ لَعَّانًا، وَلاَ سَبَّابًا، كَانَ يَقُولُ عِنْدَ الْمَعْتَبَةِ: مَا لَهُ تَرِبَ جَبِينُهُ.

'Abdullah reported that the Prophet ﷺ said, "Reviling a Muslim is deviant behaviour and killing him is disbelief."

حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ زُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا وَائِلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: سِبَابُ الْمُسْلِمِ فُسُوقٌ، وَقِتَالُهُ كُفْرٌ.

Abu Dharr is reported as saying that he heard the Prophet ﷺ say, "If a man accuses another man of deviance or accuses him of disbelief, that accusation will come back on him if his companion is not as he said."

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَعْمَُرَ، أَنَّ أَبَا الأَسْوَدِ الدِّيلِيَّ حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا ذَرٍّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: لاَ يَرْمِي رَجُلٌ رَجُلاً بِالْفُسُوقِ، وَلاَ يَرْمِيهِ بِالْكُفْرِ، إِلاَّ ارْتَدَّتْ عَلَيْهِ، إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ صَاحِبُهُ كَذَلِكَ.

Abu Dharr states that he heard the Prophet ﷺ say, "A person who knowingly claims a father other than his own has disbelieved. A person who claims to be from a people when he is not one of them will take his place in the Fire. A person who calls a man an unbeliever or says, 'Enemy of Allah,' when that is not the case will have that come back on him."

وَبِالسَّنَدِ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: مَنِ ادَّعَى لِغَيْرِ أَبِيهِ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ، وَمَنِ ادَّعَى قَوْمًا لَيْسَ هُوَ مِنْهُمْ فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ، وَمَنْ دَعَا رَجُلاً بِالْكُفْرِ، أَوْ قَالَ: عَدُوُّ اللهِ، وَلَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ إِلا حَارَتْ عَلَيْهِ.

Sulayman ibn Surad, one of the Companions of the Prophet, said, "Two men reviled one another in the presence of the Prophet ﷺ and one of them became angry. He became so angry that his face puffed out and changed colour. The Prophet ﷺ said, 'I know some words which will make what he feels depart if he says them.' The man came to him and told him what the Prophet ﷺ had said, He said, 'Seek refuge with Allah from the Accursed Shaytan.' He said, 'Do you think that there is something wrong with me? Am I mad? Leave!'"

حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَدِيُّ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ صُرَدٍ، رَجُلاً مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَالَ: اسْتَبَّ رَجُلاَنِ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَغَضِبَ أَحَدُهُمَا، فَاشْتَدَّ غَضَبُهُ حَتَّى انْتَفَخَ وَجْهُهُ وَتَغَيَّرَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: إِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ كَلِمَةً لَوْ قَالَهَا لَذَهَبَ عَنْهُ الَّذِي يَجِدُ، فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَيْهِ الرَّجُلُ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَالَ: تَعَوَّذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ، وَقَالَ: أَتَرَى بِي بَأْسًا، أَمَجْنُونٌ أَنَا؟ اذْهَبْ.

'Abdullah said, "There is a veil from Allah Almighty between every two Muslims. When one of them says ugly words to his companion, he has rent the veil of Allah. When one of them tells the other, 'You are an unbeliever,' then one of them has disbelieved."

حَدَّثَنَا خَلاَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ: مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمَيْنِ إِلاَّ بَيْنَهُمَا مِنَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ سِتْرٌ، فَإِذَا قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ كَلِمَةَ هَجْرٍ فَقَدْ خَرَقَ سِتْرَ اللهِ، وَإِذَا قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِلْآخَرِ: أَنْتَ كَافِرٌ، فَقَدْ كَفَرَ أَحَدُهُمَا.

'A'isha said, "The Prophet ﷺ did something and thereby created a dispensation for doing it. Some people still refrained from doing. The Prophet ﷺ heard about that and he gave a speech and praised Allah. Then he said, 'What is wrong with people who restrain themselves from doing something which I do? By Allah, I know Allah better than they do and I fear Him more than they do!'"

حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ: قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: صَنَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ شَيْئًا، فَرَخَّصَ فِيهِ، فَتَنَزَّهَ عَنْهُ قَوْمٌ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَخَطَبَ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَا بَالُ أَقْوَامٍ يَتَنَزَّهُونَ عَنِ الشَّيْءِ أَصْنَعُهُ؟ فَوَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُهُمْ بِاللَّهِ، وَأَشَدُّهُمْ لَهُ خَشْيَةً.

Anas said, "The Prophet ﷺ rarely told a man something to his face which he disliked. One day a man came to him with a trace of yellowish scent on him. When he stood up, he said to his Companions, 'If only he would change - or remove - this yellow!'"

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَلْمٍ الْعَلَوِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَلَّ مَا يُوَاجِهُ الرَّجُلَ بِشَيْءٍ يَكْرَهُهُ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمًا رَجُلٌ، وَعَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ صُفْرَةٍ، فَلَمَّا قَامَ قَالَ لأَصْحَابِهِ: لَوْ غَيَّرَ، أَوْ نَزَعَ، هَذِهِ الصُّفْرَةَ.

'Ali said. "The Prophet ﷺ sent for me and az-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam while we were both on horseback and said, 'Go to such-and-such a meadow. There is a woman there who has a letter with her from Hatib to the idolaters. Bring her to me.' We found her rising along on one of her camels as the Prophet ﷺ had described her. We said, '[Give us] the letter you have with you.' 'I do not have any letter,' she replied. We searched and her camel. My companion said, 'I do not see it.' I said, 'The Prophet ﷺ does not lie. By the One in whose hand my soul is, I will strip her unless she produces it!' She put her hand in the knot of her shawl - as she was wearing a black shawl - and brought it out. We went back to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. 'Umar exclaimed, 'He (i.e. Hatim) has betrayed Allah, His Messenger, and the believers! Let me strike off his head!' He asked, 'What made you do it?' Hatim said, 'I believe in Allah, but I want to have some authority with the people.' He said, ;He has spoken the truth, 'Umar. Was he not present at Badr? Perhaps Allah has looked on them and said, "Do whatever you like. The Garden is guaranteed for you."' 'Umar wept and said, 'Allah and His Messenger know best.''"

حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حُصَيْنٌ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: بَعَثَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَالزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ، وَكِلاَنَا فَارِسٌ، فَقَالَ: انْطَلِقُوا حَتَّى تَبْلُغُوا رَوْضَةَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَبِهَا امْرَأَةٌ مَعَهَا كِتَابٌ مِنْ حَاطِبٍ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَأْتُونِي بِهَا، فَوَافَيْنَاهَا تَسِيرُ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ لَهَا حَيْثُ وَصَفَ لَنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَقُلْنَا: الْكِتَابُ الَّذِي مَعَكِ؟ قَالَتْ: مَا مَعِي كِتَابٌ، فَبَحَثْنَاهَا وَبَعِيرَهَا، فَقَالَ صَاحِبِي: مَا أَرَى، فَقُلْتُ: مَا كَذَبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَأُجَرِّدَنَّكِ أَوْ لَتُخْرِجِنَّهُ، فَأَهْوَتْ بِيَدِهَا إِلَى حُجْزَتِهَا وَعَلَيْهَا إِزَارٌ صُوفٌ، فَأَخْرَجَتْ، فَأَتَيْنَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: خَانَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ، دَعْنِي أَضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ، وَقَالَ: مَا حَمَلَكَ؟ فَقَالَ: مَا بِي إِلاَّ أَنْ أَكُونَ مُؤْمِنًا بِاللَّهِ، وَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِي عِنْدَ الْقَوْمِ يَدٌ، قَالَ: صَدَقَ يَا عُمَرُ، أَوَ لَيْسَ قَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا، لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ اطَّلَعَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ: اعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ فَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ لَكُمُ الْجَنَّةُ، فَدَمَعَتْ عَيْنَا عُمَرَ وَقَالَ: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ.

'Abdullah ibn 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If a man says to his brother, 'You are an unbeliever,' it is true for one or the other of them."

حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: أَيُّمَا رَجُلٌ قَالَ لأَخِيهِ: كَافِرٌ، فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِهَا أَحَدُهُمَا.

'Abdullah ibn 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "When someone says to another, 'Unbeliever!' then one of them is an unbeliever. If the one to whom he says it is an unbeliever, he has spoke the truth. If that is not the case, then the one who said it has brought down disbelief on himself."

حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، أَنَّ نَافِعًا حَدَّثَهُ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: إِذَا قَالَ لِلْآخَرِ: كَافِرٌ، فَقَدْ كَفَرَ أَحَدُهُمَا، إِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي قَالَ لَهُ كَافِرًا فَقَدْ صَدَقَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ كَمَا قَالَ لَهُ فَقَدْ بَاءَ الَّذِي قَالَ لَهُ بِالْكُفْرِ.